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Europe often frames its industrial vulnerability as a resource scarcity issue. Political speeches emphasise “access” to lithium, rare earths, nickel, copper or manganese. Strategy papers discuss upstream partnerships, minerals diplomacy and securing ore supply. But the defining constraint of Europe’s industrial future is not whether materials exist in the world. It is whether Europe controls

Europe’s core industrial economies are increasingly constrained. High and volatile energy prices, dense regulatory frameworks, urban saturation, community resistance to new heavy industrial assets and long political cycles make it progressively harder for Western and Northern European states to host the industrial expansion Europe claims to need. At the same time, the continent demands more

The expansion of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism is quietly redefining Serbia’s position in Europe’s industrial map. What was once framed as a peripheral regulatory issue—relevant mainly to primary steel or aluminium exporters—is now becoming a system-level determinant of where manufacturing capacity locates, how mining inputs are processed, and which countries can credibly position themselves