Industrial capital in Europe is constrained by OPEX, not technology: Why near-sourced processing in South-East Europe delivers superior risk-adjusted returns
European heavy industry is not suffering from a lack of ideas, technology, or capital. It is constrained by operating expenditure, execution risk, and capital efficiency. This distinction matters. Technology gaps can be closed with investment. OPEX constraints, once structural, reshape entire value chains. Over the last decade, Europe’s industrial system has crossed precisely that threshold, where operating […]