Europe’s electricity transition has moved beyond the phase where policy ambition or capital availability are the main obstacles. Investment is...

European heavy industry is not suffering from a lack of ideas, technology, or capital. It is constrained by operating expenditure, execution...

Europe’s industrial debate still gravitates toward raw materials—who controls mines, who secures concentrates, who dominates upstream supply....

If recycling-linked metallurgy provides Serbia with a material backbone, grid and energy infrastructure manufacturing provides execution density...

Recycling-linked metallurgy offers Serbia one of the clearest pathways to expand heavy industry without importing Europe’s structural...

Europe’s raw-material dependency is often discussed in geopolitical terms, but its most immediate industrial response is not new mining; it is...

Europe’s power system is entering a capital cycle that is structural rather than cyclical. Grid investment is no longer discretionary...

The defining characteristic of modern heavy industry is no longer scale, but where value is captured along the processing chain. Across steel,...

Europe’s heavy industry is no longer organized around raw material ownership. It is reorganizing around control of processing, engineering...

Europe’s mining sector is quietly undergoing a structural transformation. The driver isn’t short-term commodity prices but the intersection of...