Recycling-linked metallurgy and the economics of circular heavy industry in Serbia
Europe’s raw-material dependency is often discussed in geopolitical terms, but its most immediate industrial response is not new mining; it is recycling-linked metallurgy. Circularity is no longer a sustainability slogan. It has become an economic necessity driven by energy prices, carbon costs, and supply-chain risk. Across steel, aluminium, and copper, recycled material now represents the lowest-cost, lowest-carbon […]
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